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摘要 | This paper proposes a meta-modeling workflow to forecast the cooling and heating loads of buildings at individual and district levels in the early design stage. Seven input variables, with large impacts on building loads, are selected for designing meta-models to establish the MySQL database. The load profiles of office, commercial, and hotel models are simulated with EnergyPlus in batch...

摘要 | The BIM-based building energy simulation plays an important role in sustainable design on the track of achieving the net-zero carbon building stock by 2050. However, the issues on BIM-BEM interoperability make the design process inefficient and less automatic. The insufficient semantic information may lead to results inaccurate while the error-prone geometry will terminate the simulation...

摘要 | This paper proposed and introduced an innovative concept of step-like server placement in data centers (DCs), replacing the traditional servers placed on the same vertical plane with step-like server placement. The studied simplified DC model was established based on an actual operating DC. The feasibility and reliability of the simplified model was validated by on-site experimental resu...

摘要 | During the design stage of an HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) system in a construction project, designers must decide on the most workable design scheme for the plant room in the building based on the evaluation of multiple aspects related to system performance that need to be considered, such as energy efficiency, economic effectiveness, etc. To solve this problem, thi...

摘要 | The heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems account for about half of the building energy consumption. The optimization methodology access to optimal control strategies of chiller plant has always been of great concern as it significantly contributes to the energy use of the whole HVAC system. Given that conventional centralized optimization methods relying on a central...

摘要 | Occupants' adaptive strategies play an important role in the energy consumption of office buildings. Previous research has mostly focused on the adaptive strategies triggered by occupants' indoor discomfort; however, it is crucial to understand if specific adaptive strategies are linked to occupants' energy-saving intentions. This study explores the relationships among employees’ heuris...

摘要

摘要 | Swimming halls (SHs), which belong to special building sector, are easily overlooked as significant energy users and carbon producers. The demands of heat (e.g., pool water heating, domestic hot water, space and supply air heating) and electricity (e.g., Saunas, pool pumping and ventilation) in SHs are both very high, which indicates the high energy saving potentials. This paper comprehe...

摘要 | In this paper, the demand response of district heating for swimming pools and pool space air is proposed and applied in a swimming hall in Finland. Swimming halls have significant heat demands e.g., domestic hot water supply, space heating and pool water heating, and thus have much large heat storage capacity for the realization of district-heat based demand response. A dynamic building ...

摘要 | Thermal comfort is one of the most important factors of indoor environment quality, affecting occupants’ well-being and work efficiency. With the advent of smart control technology, personalized and intelligent air conditioners have been promoted for occupant-centric intelligent air-conditioning control. Based on commonly used air-conditioning (AC), this paper quantitatively describes t...

摘要 | With the advent of big data era, data centers (DCs) related energy use accounts for approximately 3% of the global electric power consumption. As the augmentation of data-processing performance and thermal density in DCs, its energy use will undoubtedly continuously burst. Meanwhile, the potential safety hazards, caused by IT equipment local overheating, threaten the safe operation and r...

摘要 | The calibration of building energy model is a vital part of the whole modelling process. To improve the efficiency of this work, an automation procedure has recently been introduced to the calibration process, but no generic approach has yet received the consensus of the whole community at present. The main reason is that a purely mathematics-based, automated calibration lacks physical e...

摘要 | Ice and swimming halls annually consume lots of energy and produce significant amount of potential waste heat in Finland. In this paper, utilization of four possible waste heat sources (ice refrigeration, dehumidification of air, Gray water and exhaust air) is studied by simulating combined energy system of ice and swimming halls locating in Helsinki. Four cases were simulated including ...

摘要 | With the increasing penetration of distributed energy resources, integrating renewable generations into energy systems is a significant trend for smart and cleaner energy systems. To this end, advanced energy management has become of great importance. Conventional control of distributed energy resources relies on a central operator, which is responsible for the energy flow from producers...

摘要 | Supervisory control can be used to optimize the HVAC system operation and achieve building energy conservation, while reinforcement learning (RL) is considered as a promising model-free supervisory control method. In this paper, we apply RL algorithm to the operation optimization of air-conditioning (AC) system and propose an innovative RL-based model-free control strategy combining rule...

摘要 | This paper introduced and analyzed a new concept where an under-floor air supply (UFAD) system with cold aisle containment (CAC) is replaced by a new in-rack UFAD system called an in-rack cold aisle (IR-CA). The IR-CA system is analyzed using CFD simulation, and on-site measurement was carried out to validate the feasibility and reliability of simulation models. The study is divided into...

摘要 | Occupant behavior (OB) has been recognized as a significant factor that influences the energy consumed by the occupants of a building. For buildings equipped with distributed air-conditioning systems, the stochastic influences of occupants are particularly salient. This paper presents a method for simulating the occupancy and air-conditioning usage; it integrates the OB model with a modi...

摘要 | Two main tasks of commissioning an air-side HVAC system are to verify the fan capacity and to balance the air loop. Simulations can be of assistance to these two tasks. However, the models used in the simulation will inevitably have some uncertainties, especially for the models of the pressure loss components. This paper proposes to use uncertainty analysis to obtain the adjustment instr...

摘要 | Most of the local pressure loss coefficient (LPLC) models for duct fittings used in heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) air-side system transient simulations are simplified. The LPLCs are defined as having a constant value at the rated flow condition or as having a polynomial function of the flow ratio (or velocity ratio). To determine the influence of these simplifications,...

摘要 | Inhomogeneous airflow distribution is common in air-conditioned rooms, especially the large open spaces. To evaluate the thermal comfort of such space, or the control performance of the Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems in an efficient way, one will need a fast prediction method to simulate the airflow and temperature distribution. This paper proposes a discrete s...

摘要 | Load patterns have a significant effect on the configuration of an energy system. With a smoother load profile, the initial investment cost and operation and maintenance costs can be reduced. Adjustments in the area ratio of different types of buildings during early planning stage can be useful in leveling the loads. However, there are few studies till date on the guidelines for making s...

摘要 | Global climate change and energy crises have increasingly impeded the sustainable development of society and economy. With an accelerated process of urbanization and improved standards of living, China has become the largest carbon emitter in the world and therefore has great responsibility and great potential to mitigate global carbon emissions. Accordingly, as the largest source of emi...

摘要 | Lighting represents a major part of building energy use. Therefore, energy savings in a lighting system can be very important for reducing building energy consumption. This article presents a study of the energy performance of various lighting systems and control strategies applied in open-plan offices. All of the experiments were carried out on a test bed. The energy saving potential of...

摘要 | Due to the discrepancy between simulated energy consumption and measured data, it is essential to calibrate building energy models to improve its fidelity in evaluating the performance of retrofitting. Currently, most calibration methods are conducted manually to minimize this discrepancy, heavily relying on the knowledge and experience of analysts to discover a reasonable set of paramet...

摘要 | Given the growing concern about building energy efficiency and the difficulty in applying complex simulation tools during retrofit practices, the need for easily and quickly estimating the building energy performance becomes pressing. As a pilot test, this study proposes a systematic method to develop a model, which can immediately assess the annual electricity consumption for office bui...

摘要 | Climate change would affect the building energy demand in the future. Building simulation is a feasible way to quantitatively evaluate this impact. Since the detailed weather is dispensable for the building simulation, it is important to predict the weather data for the future. Given that the uncertainties and limitations of GCMs on regional-scale weather prediction, an alternative metho...

摘要 | With the development of urbanization in China, more and more high-rise residential buildings are constructed, mostly with 10–15 stories. Solar water heating system has been widely used in low-rise residential buildings in China, while its application in high-rise apartment is still in the initial stage. In this paper, the current application situation of solar water heating system in ur...

摘要 | This article explores how to use EnergyPlus to construct models to accurately simulate complex building systems as well as the inter-relationships among sub-systems such as heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC), lighting and service hot water systems. The energy consumption and cost of a large public building are simulated and calculated for Leadership in Energy and Environmen...

摘要 | In recent years, highly glazed atria are popular because of their architectural aesthetics and advantage of introducing daylight into inside. However, cooling load estimation of such atrium buildings is difficult due to complex thermal phenomena that occur in the atrium space. The study aims to find out a simplified method of estimating cooling loads through simulations for various types...

摘要 | This paper adopts data processing methods and data mining technology to develop a building energy consumption model, based on an energy consumption database of commercial buildings that includes 95 commercial buildings in Shanghai. Data transformation and data reduction are conducted to clear up data relations in the database. Three methods for missing data handling as well as outlier i...

摘要 | Energy simulation models are developed with EnergyPlus for two office buildings in a R&D center in Shanghai, China to evaluate the energy cost savings of green building design options compared with the baseline building. As a R&D center of an international IT corporation, there are data centers in the two buildings, which make them different from typical office buildings. The data centers house high energy consuming IT equipments and need 24 h air-conditioning every day all year round. In order to achieve energy cost savings, multiple energy efficiency strategies are employed for design proposed building, encompassing high performance building envelope, lighting system, and HVAC system. Through energy modeling, the design proposed options are compared to an ASHRAE 90.1-2004 compliant budget model to highlight energy cost savings versus “standard practice” and show the potential LEED™ Credit EA1—Optimize Energy Performance.

摘要 | Mechatronics is a new emerging discipline challenging the traditional engineering thinking and practices. The Chinese–German School of Applied Sciences (Chinesisch-Deutsche Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften, CDHAW) is an educational project of the Chinese Ministry of Education (MoE) and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), implemented by the Tongji Univer...

摘要 | The method of calibrated computer simulation is summarized on the basis of related literatures and guidelines. It is used to analyze the energy performance of a high-rise commercial building in Shanghai, China. DOE-2 energy model is built up with the detailed data of building and system that are collected on as-built drawings, specifications, operating records and site surveys. Model cal...

摘要 | Two modern office buildings in Shanghai with typical variable air volume (VAV) systems were selected for research. Four separate spaces on a standard office floor in each building facing different directions (north, south, east, and west) were selected for thorough site measurements of outdoor airflow rates and indoor air quality (concentrations of CO2 and PM10) during typical days of th...

摘要 | China is currently the fastest growing economy in the world. This paper discusses the current state of property management in Shanghai and reviews the challenges and opportunities for facility management in this city. In particular, it focuses on the embryonic role of FM resulting from the changes that are taking place in attitudes, both at the corporate and government level. It consider...